Nursing Wikipedia. Nurse. A British nurse caring for a baby. Occupation. Names. Nurse. Occupation type. Healthcare professional. Activity sectors. Health care. Description. Competencies. Caring for general well being of patients. Education required. Qualifications in terms of statutory regulations according to national, state, or provincial legislation in each country. Fields ofemployment. This photo accurately portrays the way nurses give vaccines. Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of prescription authority. Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers. However, nurses are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings depending on training level. In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing. 12Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patients family and other team members, that focuses on treating illness to improve quality of life. In the United States and the United Kingdom, advanced practice nurses, such as clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, diagnose health problems and prescribe medications and other therapies, depending on individual state regulations. Nurses may help coordinate the patient care performed by other members of a multidisciplinary health care team such as therapists, medical practitioners and dietitians. Nurses provide care both interdependently, for example, with physicians, and independently as nursing professionals. HistoryeditTraditionaleditNursing historians face the challenge of determining whether care provided to the sick or injured in antiquity was nursing care. 3 In the fifth century BC, for example, the Hippocratic Collection in places describes skilled care and observation of patients by male attendants, who may have been early nurses. 4 Around 6. BC in India, it is recorded in Sushruta Samhita, Book 3, Chapter V about the role of nurse as the different parts or members of the body as mentioned before including the skin, cannot be correctly described by one who is not well versed in anatomy. Hence, any one desirous of acquiring a thorough knowledge of anatomy should prepare a dead body and carefully, observe, by dissecting it, and examine its different parts. Before the foundation of modern nursing, members of religious orders such as nuns and monks often provided nursing like care. 5 Examples exist in Christian,6Islamic7 and Buddhist8 traditions amongst others. Phoebe, mentioned in Romans 1. These traditions were influential in the development of the ethos of modern nursing. The religious roots of modern nursing remain in evidence today in many countries. One example in the United Kingdom is the use of the honorific sister to refer to a senior nurse. 1. During the Reformation of the 1. Protestant reformers shut down the monasteries and convents, allowing a few hundred municipal hospices to remain in operation in northern Europe. Those nuns who had been serving as nurses were given pensions or told to get married and stay home. 1. Nursing care went to the inexperienced as traditional caretakers, rooted in the Roman Catholic Church, were removed from their positions. The nursing profession suffered a major setback for approximately 2. This is a portrait of a nurse from the Red Cross. This is an oil painting by mile douard Nicolet. He was an artist during the 1. Florence Nightingale was an influential figure in the development of modern nursing. No uniform had been created when Nightingale was employed during the Crimean War. Often considered the first nurse theorist, Nightingale defined nursing more than 1. She linked health with five environmental factors 1 pure or fresh air, 2 pure water, 3 efficient drainage, 4 cleanliness, and 5 light, especially direct sun light. Deficiencies in these fice factors resulted in lack of health or illness. 1. Both the role of nursing and education were first defined by Nightingale. Florence Nightingale laid the foundations of professional nursing during the Crimean War. 1. Koli. Darba diena tuvojs beigm. Visus darbus biju apdarjusi, tomr aizvien sdju sav kabinet, jo klikinju krtis dator un vos mazm. Mark Lindgren died in 1999 On 1st March 1999, during what was to be a wonderful holiday in Africa before starting work, Mark was killed in Uganda by armed Hutu. Her Notes on Nursing became popular. The Nightingale model of professional education, having set up the first school of nursing that is connected to a continuously operating hospital and medical school, spread widely in Europe and North America after 1. Other important nurses in the development of the profession include Agnes Hunt from Shropshire was the first orthopedic nurse and was pivotal in the emergence of the orthopedic hospital The Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital in Oswestry, Shropshire. Agnes Jones, who established a nurse training regime at the Brownlow Hill infirmary, Liverpool, in 1. Linda Richards, who established quality nursing schools in the United States and Japan, and was officially the first professionally trained nurse in the US, graduating in 1. New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston. Clarissa Harlowe Clara Barton, a pioneer American teacher, patent clerk, nurse, and humanitarian, and the founder of the American Red Cross. Saint Marianne Cope, a Sister of St Francis who opened and operated some of the first general hospitals in the United States, instituting cleanliness standards which influenced the development of Americas modern hospital system. 1. Catholic orders such as Little Sisters of the Poor, Sisters of Mercy, Sisters of St. Mary, St. Francis Health Services, Inc. Sisters of Charity built hospitals and provided nursing services during this period. citation needed In turn, the modern deaconess movement began in Germany in 1. Within a half century, there were over 5,0. Europe. 1. 9Formal use of nurses in the modern military began in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Nurses saw active duty in the First Boer War, the Egyptian Campaign 1. Sudan Campaign 1. A recruiting poster for Australian nurses from World War I. Hospital based training came to the fore in the early 1. The Nightingale style school began to disappear. Hospitals and physicians saw women in nursing as a source of free or inexpensive labor. Exploitation of nurses was not uncommon by employers, physicians and educational providers. 2. Many nurses saw active duty in World War I, but the profession was transformed during the second World War. British nurses of the Army Nursing Service were part of every overseas campaign. 2. More nurses volunteered for service in the US Army and Navy than any other occupation. 2. The Nazis had their own Brown Nurses, 4. Two dozen German Red Cross nurses were awarded the Iron Cross for heroism under fire. 2. The modern era saw the development of undergraduate and post graduate nursing degrees. Advancement of nursing research and a desire for association and organization led to the formation of a wide variety of professional organizations and academic journals. Growing recognition of nursing as a distinct academic discipline was accompanied by an awareness of the need to define the theoretical basis for practice. 2. In the 1. 9th and early 2. With increasing expectations of workplace equality during the late 2. DefinitioneditAlthough nursing practice varies both through its various specialties and countries, these nursing organizations offer the following definitions Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles. The use of clinical judgment in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain, or recover health, to cope with health problems, and to achieve the best possible quality of life, whatever their disease or disability, until death.
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